The fighting in the Spanish Civil War saw the use of a variety of vehicles on the battlefield, some of which were unique to the conflict and others of which would be continued to be used in World War II, just a few months away by the close of the Spanish affair. At the war's onset, the armoured forces of Spain consisted of only a few obsolete World War I era tanks, and various armoured cars used by the Spanish police to keep order in the case of civil unrest. Republican militias immediately began to field a variety of homemade armoured trucks of dubious worth. As the fighting escalated, both sides sought to gain the edge by acquiring additional mechanization which led to the importation of Italian, Russian, and German designs on a large scale. Also, on the Republican side, Basque and Catalonian industry sought to manufacture their own tankettes, partly to create their own powerbase and partly to offset the lack of supplies to these semi-autonomous regions by the increasingly suspicious Spanish Republic.
As it turned out, Spanish industries, hard pressed in other areas, failed to create any significant designs. The armies of the two Spains had to turn to foreign vehicles to fulfill their needs. Italy and Germany had become principal suppliers to the Nationalists and supplied a number of trucks, armoured cars and light tanks. The Russians became the primary equipment supplier to the Republicans and as the ideologies faced off on Spanish soil, it was the heavier Russian designs that emerged as the dominant armour force in Spain. So much was this so, that the Nationalists troops, in order to seek parity in an armoured battle, were forced to seek means of capturing Russian tanks for their own use.
However, this disparity in tank design had little long term effects as the Republic lacked officers with enough tactical ability to use their armoured superiority to any lasting effect. In fact, initial Russian and Italian experiments with armoured units used in blitzkrieg style offensives ended in disasters and served to reinforce the French tactical doctrine that tanks were best used as infantry support. This view came to be accepted by both the participants and by foreign observers in Spain; and only the German advisors understood that it wasn't as much an error in concept, but a lack of troops trained in this new style of warfare.
Labels for vehicles are those given by their originating nationality in the case of the imported models while Spanish designs are given the common names that they were referred to, as found in F.C. Albert's Carros de Combate y Vehiculos Blindados de la Guerra 1936-1939. The figures for the homemade armoured trucks used are representative as composites of various models and are hence referred to simply as Type A, B, etc.
1. FT-17M & FT-17C: The French Renault FT-17 tank was one of the most widely exported tanks in the period between World Wars I & II and saw more use in that period than any other armoured vehicle. Both Spain and France made use of the FT-17 during the Rif War in Morocco in the 20’s. Spain’s surviving Renaults were posted to Madrid and Saragossa to respectively form Infantry Light Tank Regiments 1 & 2. At the time of Civil War, the Saragossa unit fell into Nationalist hands, but after limited use, did not see further action. Madrid’s FT-17’s, augmented by 16 more purchased from Poland, were used in the early defense of Madrid. For both sides of the war, the limited capabilities and reliability of the FT-17 caused them to be overshadowed by foreign tanks provided by the allies of both sides. Spanish designation for this tank was Carro Ligero de infantería Renault M 1917 FT. See also French Vehicle Note 1.
2. M-16 CA.1: The French Schneider CA.1 (char d’assaut) tank was another World War I leftover. Even more prone to breakdown than the Renault FT-17, the char d’assaut Schneider had fuel tanks located in the front portion of the vehicle, making the craft vulnerable to direct hits from that quarter, a serious design flaw. Even in its limited use against the garrison of the Alcazar in Toledo, early in the war, a number of Schneiders were knocked out en route in a Nationalist ambush where the Nationalists lacked both tanks and true anti-tank weapons. Nor was the Schneider able to fulfill its mission of exploiting breaches in the walls of the fortress. When the Nationalists captured Toledo a few months later, they found most of the remaining Spanish Schneiders abandoned in the streets. With more modern designs making their appearance, the obsolescence of this tank was apparent and the Schneider disappeared from the Spanish scene. About 400 CA.1’s were constructed in the years 1916-17, but only a few were to be found in the Spanish arsenal. Crew was usually six to seven men. Spanish designation for this tank was Carro Pesado de Artilleria M 16 CA1.
3. CV 3-35: The Italian Fiat-AnsaldoCarro Veloce 3-35 fast tank was the most common Italian AFV to be found in the Spanish Civil War. With the Nationalists petitioning for material support, Mussolini sent Italian tank “advisors” along with the CV 3-35’s in September, 1936 and the Italians soon entered battle dressed in the uniforms of the Spanish Foreign Legion. Later, Spanish Nationalist crews were trained to take over operation of the tankettes while more CV 3-35’s arrived as part of Italian units operating independently. Many of these tankettes were lost or captured during the battle of Guadalajara where the CV 3-35, armed only with a machine gun, showed itself unable to stand up to cannon bearing Russian T-25’s used by the Republican Forces. After design changes, this tankette was later designated as the L3/35. The CV 3-35 was maintained by two crewmen. The Spanish designation for this tank was Carro Ligero Rapido CV 3-35. See also Italian Vehicle Note 2.
4. CV 3-35 Lanciafiamme: A variant of the machine gun armed CV 3-35, this Italian flamethrower tankette featured prominent use by Italian troops fighting at Guadalajara where they inflicted considerable damage on defending Republican soldiers. However, constrained to the roads by bad weather, many of these tanks were destroyed or captured by the Republican counter offensive. Spanish designation for this tank was Carro Ligero Rapido CV 3-35 version Lanzallamas. See also Italian Vehicle Note 5.
5. T-26 B: With the Soviet Union coming forward as the principal supplier of the Spanish Republic, the arrival of Russian tanks in the Republican arsenal gave the Loyalists considerable armoured superiority as the cannon bearing T-26 B’s greatly outclassed the Italian and German light tanks being supplied to the Nationalists. However, poor tactics led the Republic to squander most of these tanks in costly armoured assaults, unsupported by infantry, or to diffuse their offensive capability by allotting them to static defense or infantry support roles. Though most T-26 B’s were found in Republican service, the Nationalist troops resorted to a number of measures to capture these tanks as the only means of achieving armoured parity with the Republicans. Therefore, some Nationalist tank units actually utilized captured Russian tanks, with appropriate Nationalist markings to protect them against mistaken air attacks. Republican T-26 B’s were shipped to Spain with radios and for game purposes have radio capability in the earlier scenarios when crewed by Russians. As Republican Spanish crews took over, they ripped out the radios, desiring more room and being more comfortable with signal flags. Thus, later scenarios having mixed Russo-Spanish or Spanish crews will be radioless. The T-26 B had a crew of 3. The Spanish designation for this tank was Carro Ligero de Infanteria T-26 B. See also Russian Vehicle Note 6.
6. PzKpfw I uasf. B: Along with Condor Legion advisors, a good number of these German tanks were supplied to the Nationalist army where they formed some of the first Nationalist armoured battalions. Lightly armoured compared to the Russian T-26 B, the Pz. IB was still utilized on a number of fronts in Spain. However, the inability of Nationalist light tanks to stand up to Russian armour in the field led Nationalist officers to develop tactics based on artillery rather than tank striking force. The French doctrine of tanks as infantry support maintained its hold on Spanish tactics. Some later versions of this tank were actually supplied with a 20mm canon instead of the twin Dreyse 7.92 mm. machine guns. Though initially manned by German Condor Legion personnel, these vehicles were very quickly turned over to Spanish Nationalist troops. The Spanish designation for this tank was Carro Ligero Pz Kpfw I uasf. B. This tank had a crew of two. See German Vehicle Notes 1 & 2.
7. Basque Light Tank: This small tank represents one of the few domestic ventures into armoured production, mostly out of necessity since the Basque front, isolated by the Nationalists from the rest of Spain, received little of the material support coming out of the Soviet Union. This small tank had a mass of 4.5 metric tons and mounted armour varying in thickness from 6-10 mm. With a crew of four, armament varied, probably being small automatic weapons which could be fired out of the four radiating ports on the turret which gave it 360 degrees of coverage. The engine was air cooled with armoured vents at the rear of the vehicle and was prone to mechanical breakdown.
The debut of this tank in a military parade was not auspicious. As soon as they saw it, the people called it “the toy tank” (tanque de juguete) and just as these tanks rolled past the Basque President, a number of them stalled and quit and had to be pushed in review with the help of soldiers and civilians lest they block the parade’s progress. Only a few of these tanks saw limited combat action in the defense of the Basque provinces and Asturias but they seem to have had an unremarkable combat record. The exact number of these tanks constructed is unknown, but when Nationalist troops captured Bilbao where the tank was manufactured, they found a large quantity of these vehicles that had just been constructed or repaired and which had not yet been sent to the fighting. In spite of its small size, this vehicle had a crew of four. The Spanish designation for this tank was Carro Ligero Euzkadi.
8. BT-5: The Russian BT-5 tank was a welcome addition to the Republican arsenal, though the first tanks to arrive were often allotted to exclusively Russian or mixed Russo-Spanish crews while the T-25 B’s were given over to the Spaniards. Its roomy interior, quick speed, and dual tracked/wheeled propulsion system were welcomed by its crews and made it more popular than the T-25 B. However, like its predecessor, the BT-5 was often utilized in poorly planned attacks, resulting in a high attrition. Almost all the first BT-5’s were lost at Fuentes del Ebro and later replacements were later squandered just as recklessly at Teruel. Like the T-25, the BT-5’s supplied to the Spanish were probably equipped with radios though the Spanish crews seemed to have removed these, preferring signal flags. A few BT-5’s were captured by the Nationalists and were used by them in formations with captured T-25 B’s. The BT-5 had 3 crewmen. The Spanish designation for this tank was Carro Medio Rapido BT-5. See also Russian Vehicle Note 8.
9. “Sadurni de Noya” The Catalonian “Sadurni de Noya” was one of the few attempts at domestic AFV production during the Spanish civil strife. Lacking in Russian AFV’s due to Madrid’s suspicious jealously of Catalan autonomy, Catalonians resorted to using some of their industrial potential in the production of an armoured car that was produced in two versions: one as an unarmed personnel carrier; and the other as an assault vehicle mounting a light machine gun. Well crafted with a number of design innovations, the Sadurni de Noya was mechanically reliable but was too insignificantly armed to make any impact on the battlefield. A number of these vehicles were then relegated to use as transport or as artillery tractors. The Spanish designation for this vehicle was Carro “Sadurni de Noya.”
10. 1ZII: This was an Italian armoured car of World War I manufacture. This vehicle performed well against poorly trained and armed troops in the fairly open countryside and hills of Andalucia in the drive for Málaga, but again was outclassed by the heavier modern Soviet tanks making their debut in the Republican arsenal. The IZII was maintained by up to six crewmen. Spanish designation for this vehicle was Autoametralladora Lancia Ansaldo IZII. See Italian Vehicle Note 19.
11. FA-1: This Russian light scout car saw initial use in the Málaga campaign where a number of destroyed FA-1's were observed by the Italians and Nationalists. Speedy yet lightly armed, this vehicle was intended for recon use and could offer little infantry support. The FA-1 had a crew of 2. Spanish designation for this car was Autoametralladora Ligera FA-1. See Soviet Vehicle Note 40.
12. BA-6: The first use of this Russian armoured car was in the Northern Campaigns where Navarese Requetés fighting their way into Bilbao, encountered defending Basques using this vehicle and other Soviet equipment which had been sent to try and save the city. After the fighting, the Nationalist took the BA-6 into its own arsenal. This vehicle utilized a crew of 4. Spanish designation was Autoblindado BA-6. See Soviet Vehicle Note 39.
13. M28 Police Armoured Car: Mounting a Hotchkiss machine gun, these 8 ton vehicles were designed for crowd control and intimidation by the paramilitary police before the war. They were utilized in the early fighting for the cities, such as Madrid and Barcelona and found no prominent use thereafter, either being returned to security duty or lost as a prize amongst various militias. They could travel up to 45km/hr or 40 km/hr in reverse, carried either four machine guns or one 37mm gun and one machine gun and had armour of up to 12mm thickness. Spanish designation for this car is Auto Blindado de la Policia.
14. Armoured Truck type A: This truck is representative of various vehicles that were utilized by Republican militia early in the war. Varying between 1.5 to 2.6 plus metric tons, these trucks were modified to carry a fabricated armoured superstructure designed to protect the driver and occupants. Typical armour thickness varied between 4 to 12 mm and consisted of metal plates bolted or welded in place. Armament consisted of a typical crew of 8-13 riflemen firing out of ports or slits in the side of truck bed, protected by an armoured housing. Typical engines were 4-6 cylinders and with the added weight of men and armour, these trucks were not capable of any great speed. Of dubious worth, a number of these vehicles made their appearance in the war, mostly in Andalucia and in the isolated northern provinces of Republican Spain. Their intended purpose was to add offensive weight in street fighting, but due to the several weak point in the armour, they tended to fill a more defensive roll. The type A counter is a composite based on a 1.5 ton 1935 Ford or Chevrolet truck with a crew of 12, a driver, a commander and 10 riflemen, five firing to either side. (In game terms, crew consists of one militia squad and a militia leader, both of whom make separate crew survival rolls.) Because of the numerous viewports and the general haphazard construction of these vehicles, a natural to hit roll of 2 or 3 is considered a critical hit. Spanish designation for an armoured truck was Camión blindado.
15. Armoured Truck type B: This type of armoured truck varied from the type A by adding machine gun armament in the form of two light machine guns mounted to fire to either side. Though only one such vehicle was constructed for use in Seville, this type of truck was similar to a number of Catalonian models.
16. Armoured Truck type C: This type of armoured truck followed the pattern for the type B but added a Hotchkiss 8mm machine gun to fire in a forward arc, supplementing the fire of the 5-8 rifles that fired from either side. Typically crewed by 18-20 men (for game purposes, one militia squad, 1 crew, and one militia leader), Type C trucks had armour varying between 6-12mm, the thicker armour being placed around the truck bed. The top of the Type C trucks were, as was typical of Spanish armoured trucks, more thinly armoured, with plates of 2-3mm in thickness. An unknown quantity of this type of vehicle were constructed and some were known to have been used in the defense of Madrid.
17. Armoured Truck type D: This Nationalist armoured vehicle was used as a primitive armoured assault car and carried up to 12 men who held onto handholds in the back and jumped off as the truck crashed into an objective or they were simply carried as close as possible to the fighting whereupon the disembarking passengers would attack while the truck provided mobile support with its machine guns and 81mm mortar. Utilizing 3 hatches in its box like top, to fire the mortar, the crew of 14 plus men would have to expose themselves, while machine gun fire could be provided through forward slits.
18. Armoured Truck type E: This armoured truck is a composite that represents vehicles used by the Catalonians in their Huesca offensive and those of the Basques and other Northeners in the defense of their lands. Their common feature was the use of an 8mm Hotchkiss machine gun mounted in a revolving turret on the top of the truck along with the secondary armament provided by up to 6-16 rifles with viewports mostly to the sides. Usually mounting 12mm armour, this type of truck was a common feature of early battles in Catalonia and the North. Crew varied between 11-20 men.
19. Armoured Truck type F: This type of armoured truck mounted two Hotchkiss machine guns to either side, sometimes supplemented by riflemen. Better constructed than other armoured trucks, this type was actually used off road in irregular terrain and was capable of speeds up to 62 km/hr. Trucks of this type were used in the North in Asturias and in the Battle for Teruel. Armour varied between 8-12 mm while crew size varied based on type, from 6-13 men.
20. TOB No. 1: Only one of these vehicles was built and it was used in combat by Republican forces in Andalucia early in the war. Covered by light armour of 6-8mm, this armoured tractor was designed to be able to negotiate rough terrain. For armament it carried either a light machine gun or automatic rifle to be fired from ports. It was crewed by 4 or 5 men. Spanish designation for this vehicle was Tractor Oruga Blindado N o 1.
21. Armoured Train: A carry over from tactics used successfully in the Russian Civil War, the armoured train was used to less practical effect in the Spanish War as a mobile firing platform by Republican forces. Actual trains varied so the version given here is meant as a representation only.
The Armoured Train counter is considered to be four vehicles linked together, where only the locomotive has any movement capability and the other cars are reliant upon the locomotive for motion. Though, should the steam locomotive be destroyed, it is possible surviving cars could potentially be moved by trucks or a series of other vehicles of suitable power. For the scope of game purposes, this is impractical and therefore only another locomotive, after passing a task check, would be capable of linking with and moving surviving cars. It should go without saying that any movement by an armoured train is reliant on the state of the railroad tracks and should such be destroyed in any hex, by bombardment or purposeful labor, then the train would be limited to the extent of undamaged tracks and track repair would be impossible in the time frame of a scenario. Armoured trains travelled equally well in both directions.
1. The first or forward most car was a long car with an enclosed center portion carrying 8 riflemen who fired out of ports. On either side were two gun emplacements protected by an armoured roof and side armour, open elsewhere for firing purposes. Each of these emplacements carried a 75mm gun which could fire to the forward or rear, or be fired to either side of the train. Armour thickness was 8mm.
2. The second car was the locomotive, likewise protected by a thin armour skin or shell in which was housed 16 riflemen who could fire out of ports, 8 per side. An extended coal car was directly attached behind so as to be able to service the locomotive without being exposed.
3. The third car was fully armoured carriage with wide slits front and back mounting two heavy machine guns for each. Also, there were a total of 26 ports on both sides from which could be fired rifles and light machine guns.
4. The fourth and final car carried a single gun emplacement mounted on a flat bed, with a short wall of plate mounted around the gun for crew protection. The gun was an one of any variety of anti-aircraft heavy machine guns capable of fire in a 360 degree radius.
22. Trucks: A wide variety of trucks existed in Spain prior to the war, of domestic, American, French and English manufacture, most of which were pressed into service by both sides desperate to mobilize their forces. After the intervention of foreign powers, Russian and some French trucks passed into Republican hands while Italy and Germany provided vehicles to their Nationalist progeny. Also, due to the sympathies of some American industrialists to the Nationalist cause, General Franco was able to purchase American trucks and oil on credit. Captured vehicles were readily pressed into service by both sides. See also U.S. Vehicle Note 56, French Vehicle Note 36, Russian Vehicle Note 47, Italian Vehicle Note 28, and German Vehicle Note 96.
Name
Radio
WGT
Type
Size
AF
TA
OT
CS
MP
GP
GT
MA
ROF
B#
BMG
CMG
AAMB
PP/T#
Notes
4
FT-17M
no
7
LT
+1
1/0
+FSR
2
5r
L
1MT
CMG
1
FT-17C
no
7
LT
+1
1/0
+FSR
2
5r
L
1MT
T37*
M-16 CA.1
no
13.5
AG
0
2/1
-FSR
2r
6r
NT
__
B751
11
2x4S
B
CV3-35
no
3.4
Tt
+2
1/0
2
13
L
BMG
1
11
4
CV3-35 l.f.
no
5
Tt
+2
1/0
2
12
L
BF32
X11
2
T-26B
yes*
9.5
LT
0
1
+F
3
12r
RST
T45L
1
11
4
PzKpfw I uasf. B
no
6.4
Tt
+1
1
2
15
L
1MT
CMG
1
11
6
B.L.T.
no
4.5
Tt
+2
0
2
5r
L
*
CMG
1
10
2x2
BT-5
yes*
11.5
LT
0
0
-F
3
22r
L
RST
T45L
1
11
4
Sadurni de Noya
no
?
Tt
+1
1/0
+SR
4
14
NT
BMG
1
4
Sadurni de Noya
no
?
APC
+1
1/0
*
3
15
L
n/a
PP4/T9
IZII
no
4.2
AC
0
0
6
19
H
ST
CMG
1
11r
8
FA-1
no
3.2
AC
+1
1/0
+SR
2
30
1MT
CMG
1
4
BA-6
no
7
AC
0
1/0
+FSR
4
19
RST
T45L
1
11
2
4
M28
no
8
AC
0
0
3
22
H
1MT
CMG
1
4
Armoured Truck A
no
1.5 - 2.6
Atr
0
0/1
4
19
H
NT
IFE
A
Armoured Truck B
no
1.8
Atr
-1
0
4
19r
NT
SMG
11
2x2S#
A, B
Armoured Truck C
no
2.2
Atr
-1
1
4
22
NT
BMG
11
6
A
Armoured Truck D
no
4
Atr
0
1
3
24r
NT
81*
2
6
C
Armoured Truck E
no
2.3
Atr
0
1
-FSR
4
22
ST
CMG
1
11
4
Armoured Truck F
no
3.5
Atr
-2
0/1
+F
4
28
L
ST
CMG
1
11
4
A
TOB No. 1
no
?
Atrc
0
0/1
2
5
L
NT
BMG
2
11
6
T10
Armrd Train
Car A
no
?
Atrn
0
0
3
0*
RST*
75* x2
A, D
Locamotive
no
?
Atrn
0
0
4
66
SMG
1
11
2x2S#
A, B
Car B
no
?
Atrn
0
0
4
0*
BMG
2
11
6x4, 4x2
A, B, D
Car C
no
?
Atrn
0
0
*
2
0*
AAMG
3
6
At the onset of the civil war, Spain possessed numerous guns and artillery pieces, both domestic and imports of surplus war stock from the nations of the first World War, especially France. With the escalation of the war into the international arena, both sides in the conflict relied on their foreign allies, Italy, Russia and Germany, to provide ordnance to their ever expanding armies, causing the diversity of artillery used in Spain to be truly remarkable.
On the Nationalist side, Franco came to rely on his artillery more than either armour or air power, to provide consistent offensive force against the Republicans before an infantry attack. Large artillery barrages would soften up huge areas in a style reminiscent of World War I prepatory to an attack. On the defensive side, lacking effective armour of their own, the Nationalists also used their artillery as a practical means to neutralize attacking Republican tanks.
For the Repulicans, who sometimes possessed more guns than did the Nationalists, training and supply continued to be acute problems. Artillery attacks were haphazard, sometimes shelling friendly troops. It was not unknown for shells to be withheld from a battle for purely political reasons, forcing Republican generals to order their guns to fire blanks as the only available ammunition, in order to keep up friendly morale.
The professionalism of Franco's forces, aided by his allies, allowed him to consistently exploit his artillery arm. For the Republicans, by the time they had shed their amateurism through the sad experience of loss in combat, their well of supply had dried up, and though the will and know-how were there, the guns were not.
The following list suggests the probable and possible guns for use in Spain as are found in ASL.
1.Mortaio da 45 “Brixia”: Standard type of mortar seeing use with Italians in Spain. See also Italian Ordnance Note 1.
2. 5cm leGr W 36: Type of light German mortar possibly supplied to Nationalists troops later in the war. See also German Ordnance Note 1.
3. 50mm RM obr. 38/39: The earlier version of the obr. 40, this mortar could have seen action by Republican troops in later battles, such as the Ebro. See also Russian Ordnance Note 1.
4. Mortero de 51mm: The Spanish version of this mortar was commonly used by both sides. See also British Ordnance Note 1.
5. Mortier de 81 mle 27/31: Possessed by both sides, 81mm mortars became more popular than the 51mm as the war progressed. See also French Ordnance Note 3.
6. 8cm GrW 34: As the access to French Ordnance became more restricted to both sides, the Nationalists were supplied by the Germans. See also German Ordnance Note 2.
7. 82mm BM obr. 37: As France was reluctant to supply the Republic, the Soviet Union stepped in. Mortars such as this saw action as early as the battle of Teruel. See also Russian Ordnance Note 2.
8. Fusil Anticarro Ruso: Anti-tank rifle supplied to Republican troops by the Soviet Union. See also French Ordnance Note 4.
9. 3.7cm PaK 35/36: This gun was provided early on to the Nationalists. See also German Ordnance Note 6.
10. Cannone-cc da 37/45: This gun was used both by the Italians and the Spanish Nationalists. Captured models were acquired by the Republicans after Guadalahara. See also Italian Ordnance Note 4.
11. 37mm PTP obr. 30: A common anti-tank gun provided to the Spanish Republicans and Basques. See also Russian Ordnance Note 6.
12. 45mm PTP obr. 32: Some of these guns were used by the Basques defending their provinces, so it is likely that the Nationalists acquired at least a few. See also Russian Ordnance Note 7.
13. Canon de 37 mle 16 TR: Purchased from France by Republican Spain. See also French Ordnance Note 8.
14. 37mm PP obr. 15R: A commonly supplied gun that was one of the first to be exported to Republican Spain. Also supplied to the first International Brigades. See also Russian Ordnance Note 11.
15. Cannone da 65/17: Supplied to the Nationalists, this gun was featured in the fighting for Madrid. Also, a common element of the Italian forces at Guadalahara, many of these guns were captured by the Republic. See also Italian Ordnance Note 6.
17. Canon de 75 mle 28: This piece saw frequent use by both sides as field artillery, especially in the earlier conflicts for the Guadarrama mountains. See also French Ordnance Note 10.
18. Cannone da 75/27: Exported to the Nationalists. See also Italian Ordnance Note 9.
19. Canon de 75 mle 1897: The famous "French 75" saw considerable use by both sides in the Spanish Civil War. See also French Ordnance Note 11.
20. 76.2mm P obr. 00/02P: An archaic piece that was exported to the Republic and to the Basques. See also Russian Vehicle Note 13.
21. 76.2mm P obr. 02/30: This gun was probably supplied to the Nationalists. See also Russian Ordnance Note 14.
22. Obice da 100/17: Utilized by Italian forces in Spain. See also Italian Ordnance Note 12.
23. Canon de 105 L mile 13 S: This gun was utilized by both sides in Spain. The Nationalists used it in the battles for the Guadarrama Mountains. See also French Ordnance Note 14.
24. 10.5cmleFH 18: The Germans began to provide a good number of these guns to the Nationalists at a very early date. See also German Ordnance Note 20.
25. Cannone da 105/28: This gun saw use with Italians and was also provided to their Nationalist allies. Some might have been captured by the Republic in the aftermath of Guadalahara. See also Italian Ordnance Note 13.
26. s 10cm K 18: Supplied to Nationalists or manned by Condor Legion personnel. See also German Ordnance Note 21.
27. 107mm p obr. 10/30: This gun was later provided to the Republic as heavy artillery support. See also Russian Ordnance Note 18.
28. 122mm G obr. 10/30: This gun was probably shipped to both the Spanish Republic and the Basque Provinces. See also Russian Ordnance Note 19.
29. Obice da 149/13: This gun was used by both the Spanish Nationalists and the Italians fighting in Spain. See also Italian Ordnance Note 14.
30. OBL 6-in. Howitzer: World War I surplus, this gun might have seen use by the Nationalists, having acquired it from the rebelling portion of the regular army. See also British Ordnance Note 17.
31. 152mm GP obr. 37: This gun was probably suppled to the Republic in the later stages of the war. See also Russian Vehicle 16. 76.2mm PP obr. 27: Supplied to the Republic by the Soviet Union. See also Russian Ordnance Note 12.
32. Canon de 155 C mle 17 S: This gun was inherited by both sides from vestiges of the Regular army and saw much use in early battles. Until supplemented by Russian equipment, this gun provided much of the Republics heavy fire support. See also French Ordnance Note 16.
33. Canon de 155 L mle 17 S: Another probable acquisition of the Spanish Army, a few of these guns would have been found in both camps. See also French Ordnance Note 17.
34. 2cm FlaK 30: Standard light AA gun supplied by Germany to the Nationalists. See also German Ordnance Note 25.
35. Cannone-mitragliera da 20/65: AA gun provided by Italy to the Nationalists and commonly utilized by their own troops in Spain. See also Italian Ordnance Note 17.
36. 3.7cm FlaK 36 o. 37: This AA gun was provided by Germany to the Nationalists with appropriate Condor Legion personnel for training and use. See also German Ordnance Note 28.
37. Bofors 40mm AA: This gun represents a probable acquisition for the Republic before the arrival of Soviet supplies. See British Ordnance Note 21.38. 76.2mm ZP obr. 38: The supplies provided to the Republic by the Soviet Union included a number of AA guns intended to the defence of Madrid. These guns continued to be shipped until a choke hold was placed of Russian shipments. See also Russian Ordnance Note 26.
38. 76.2mmZP obr. 38: The supplies provided to the Republic by the Soviet Union included a number of AA guns intended for the defense of Madrid. These guns continued to be shipped until a choke hold was placed on Russion shipments. See also Russian Ordnance Note 26.
39. 8.8cm FlaK 18 o. 36: The escalation of German involvement in the Spanish conflict also saw the field use of some of their best equipment in the test of actual battle experience. "88" guns shipped to Spain were also serviced by Condor Legion personnel, maintaining the guns for use in Franco's offensive. It was in Spain that the Germans realized the "88's" potent anti-tank capabilities. See also German Ordnance Note 30.